Essay on Crimes and Punishments
Cesare Beccaria , Voltaire
72 chapters · 6 h 56 min · English
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Law
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Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments, which condemns disproportionate and irrational penalties in general as well as torture and the death penalty, is said to mark the peak of Enlightenment in Milan. Its translations were widely read by statesmen and policy makers in Britain, America and France. This translation also features the anonymous commentary, attributed to Voltaire. - Summary by Carolin
Chapters
1 Introduction 6 min 2 Preface by the Translator of M.D. Voltaire's Commentary 4 min 3 Chapter I - On the Origin of Punishments 3 min 4 Chapter II - On the Right to Punish 4 min 5 Chapter III - Consequences of the foregoing principles 4 min 6 Chapter IV - Of the Interpretation of Laws 8 min 7 Chapter V - Of the Obscurity of Laws 4 min 8 Chapter VI - Of the Proportion between Crimes and Punishments 8 min 9 Chapter VII - Of Estimating the Degree of Crimes 4 min 10 Chapter VIII - Of the Division of Crimes 7 min 11 Chapter IX - Of Honour 7 min 12 Chapter X - Of Duelling 3 min 13 Chapter XI - Of Crimes which Disturb Public Tranquillity 5 min 14 Chapter XII - Of the Intent of Punishments 2 min 15 Chapter XIII - Of the Credibility of Witnesses 7 min 16 Chapter XIV - Of Evidence and the Proofs of a Crime, and of the Form of Judgment 7 min 17 Chapter XV - Of Secret Accusation 6 min 18 Chapter XVI - Of Torture 18 min 19 Chapter XVII - Of Pecuniary Punishments 5 min 20 Chapter XVIII - Of Oaths 3 min 21 Chapter XIX - Of the Advantage of Immediate Punishment 7 min 22 Chapter XX - Of Acts of Violence 2 min 23 Chapter XXI - Of the Punishment of the Nobles 5 min 24 Chapter XXII - Of Robbery 3 min 25 Chapter XXIII - Of Infamy considered as a Punishment 4 min 26 Chapter XXIV - Of Idleness 2 min 27 Chapter XXV - Of Banishment and Confiscation 5 min 28 Chapter XXVI - Of the Spirit of Family in States 9 min 29 Chapter XXVII - Of the Mildness of Punishments 7 min 30 Chapter XXVIII - Of the Punishment of Death 22 min 31 Chapter XXIX - Of Imprisonment 5 min 32 Chapter XXX - Of Prosecution and Prescription 7 min 33 Chapter XXXI - Of Crimes of Difficult Proof 11 min 34 Chapter XXXII - Of Suicide 10 min 35 Chapter XXXIII - Of Smuggling 5 min 36 Chapter XXXIV - Of Bankrupts 8 min 37 Chapter XXXV - Of Sanctuaries 5 min 38 Chapter XXXVI - Of Rewards for Apprehending or Killing Criminals 3 min 39 Chapter XXXVII - Of Attempts, Acomplices and Pardon 6 min 40 Chapter XXXVIII - Of Suggestive Interrogations 3 min 41 Chapter XXXIX - Of a Peculiar Kind of Crimes 3 min 42 Chapter XL - Of False Ideas of Utility 5 min 43 Chapter XLI - Of the Means of Preventing Crimes 5 min 44 Chapter XLII - Of the Sciences 8 min 45 Chapter XLIII - Of Magistrates 1 min 46 Chapter XLIV - Of Rewards 1 min 47 Chapter XLV - Of Education 2 min 48 Chapter XLVI - Of Pardons 4 min 49 Chapter XLVII - Conclusion 2 min 50 Commentary - Chapter I - The Circumstances that Occasioned this Commentary 5 min 51 Commentary - Chapter II - Of Punishments 2 min 52 Commentary - Chapter III - Of the Punishment of Heretics 8 min 53 Commentary - Chapter IV - Of the Extirpation of Heresies 7 min 54 Commentary - Chapter V - Of Blasphemy and Profanation 10 min 55 Commentary - Chapter VI - Of the Indulgence of the Romans in Matters of Religion 6 min 56 Commentary - Chapter VII - Of the Crime of Unlawful Preaching - Story of Anthony 7 min 57 Commentary - Chapter VIII - The Story of Simon Morin 5 min 58 Commentary - Chapter IX - Of Witches 5 min 59 Commentary - Chapter X - Of Capital Punishment 6 min 60 Commentary - Chapter XI - Of the Execution of Sentences 4 min 61 Commentary - Chapter XII - Of Torture 4 min 62 Commentary - Chapter XIII - Of Certain Sanguinary Tribunals 4 min 63 Commentary - Chapter XIV - Of the Difference Between Political and Natural Laws 5 min 64 Commentary - Chapter XV - Of the Crime of High Treason - Of Titus Oates and of the Death of Augustine de Thou 10 min 65 Commentary - Chapter XVI - Of the Revealing of Crimes (Before Commission) by Religious Confession 8 min 66 Commentary - Chapter XVII - Of Counterfeiting Money 2 min 67 Commentary - Chapter XVIII - Of Domestic Theft 2 min 68 Commentary - Chapter XIX - Of Suicide 5 min 69 Commentary - Chapter XX - Of a Certain Species of Mutilation 2 min 70 Commentary - Chapter XXI - Of the Confiscation Consequent upon all the Crimes which Have Been Mentioned 8 min 71 Commentary - Chapter XXII - Of Criminal Proceedings, and of Some Other Forms of Procedure 15 min 72 Commentary - Chapter XXIII - The Idea of a Reform Suggested 4 min
